Although the exact cause is still debated, several theories have been put forward:

• Retrograde menstruation: Blood flowing back into the pelvic cavity via the fallopian tubes.
• Genetic factors: A familial predisposition is often observed.
• Immune response: A malfunction of the immune system that fails to eliminate abnormal cells.

Every woman is unique, but certain symptoms are key warning signs:

• Severe pain: Chronic pelvic pain and very sharp pain during menstruation (dysmenorrhea) or sexual intercourse (dyspareunia).
• Heavy bleeding: Very long and hemorrhagic periods (menorrhagia) are a major symptom of adenomyosis.
• Other pain: Pain when urinating or having a bowel movement, especially during menstruation.
• Infertility: Difficulty conceiving a child.

Diagnosis is based on a precise approach conducted by specialists:

1. Clinical history: A detailed discussion about your symptoms is the first fundamental step.
2. Pelvic ultrasound: Performed by an expert radiologist, this allows visualization of the uterus and ovaries and strongly suggests both diseases.
3. Pelvic MRI: This more in-depth examination allows for precise mapping of the extent of endometriosis lesions or adenomyosis involvement.

The goal is to reduce pain and improve quality of life through a personalized approach:

• Pain management: Prescription of anti-inflammatory and analgesic medications.
• Hormonal treatments: Placement of a continuous pill or a hormonal IUD to block periods and inflammation.
• Surgery: Laparoscopic surgery aims to remove endometriosis lesions. As a last resort for adenomyosis, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be considered.

These approaches are essential for comprehensive care:

• Physiotherapy/Osteopathy: To address pelvic muscle tension.
• Nutrition: An anti-inflammatory diet can help reduce symptoms.
• Psychological support: To help you live better with a chronic illness.